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- $Unique_ID{BRK04083}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Paracoccidioidomycosis}
- $Subject{Paracoccidioidomycosis South American Blastomycosis
- Lutz-Splendore-Almeida Disease Paracoccidioidal Granuloma Lobo Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 159:
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article
- (Paracoccidioidomycosis) is not the name you expected. Please check the
- SYNONYM listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered
- by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- South American Blastomycosis
- Lutz-Splendore-Almeida Disease
- Paracoccidioidal Granuloma
- Including: Lobo Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Paracoccidioidomycosis is an infectious fungal disease involving the
- skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. The disease occurs
- primarily in South and Central America. It usually affects men between the
- ages of 20 and 50 years. The disease is fatal if not treated, but several
- effective therapeutic drugs exist.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Paracoccidioidomycosis occurs in four clinical forms, depending on the
- affected individual's immunological reaction to the pathogenic organism, and
- the extent to which the organism becomes systemic. The four forms are:
-
- l. Mucocutaneous Paracoccidioidomycosis
- 2. Lymphatic Paracoccidioidomycosis
- 3. Visceral Paracoccidioidomycosis
- 4. Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis
-
- The four forms may occur simultaneously, only one may occur, or one may
- give way to another as the disease progresses. The pathogen spreads from one
- part of the body to another primarily via the lymph and blood.
-
- Mucocutaneous Paracoccidioidomycosis affects the skin, mucous membranes,
- and the borders between the two, particularly on the face, mouth (including
- the gums, tongue, palate, tonsils), and nose. Small ulcers with tiny
- yellowish areas containing the fungus gradually expand over the area
- involved, while nearby lymph nodes enlarge and adhere to the undersurface of
- the skin causing some pain. As cells of the lymph nodes are destroyed, they
- discharge a puss-like fluid through the skin.
-
- In the lymphatic form of Paracoccidioidomycosis, larger lymph nodes are
- involved in addition to those described above. The nodes in the mesentery
- (membrane connecting and supporting the abdominal organs), the neck, and the
- armpits are greatly, although generally painlessly, enlarged.
-
- The spleen, liver, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, and rarely, the brain,
- are involved in Visceral Paracoccidiodomycosis.
-
- In Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis, the patient has a cough, often with
- bloody sputum, difficulty breathing, fever, fatigue, weight loss, and an
- overall feeling of discomfort.
-
- Causes
-
- Paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
- (This fungus used to be known as Blastomyces brasiliensis.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Paracoccidiodomycosis occurs only in Central and South America, and is
- especially prevalent in the coffee growing regions of Brazil. It affects men
- about 10 times as often as women. Most affected men are between 20 and 50
- years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease, of which there are many
- other examples. The organism causing this disorder used to be classified in
- the same group as that responsible for Blastomycosis. Thus, Blastomycosis
- was known as North American Blastomycosis, while Paracoccidioidomycosis was
- known as South American Blastomycosis.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Amphotericin B is the antifungal treatment of choice for
- Paracoccidiodomycosis, and is usually effective. In patients who do not
- tolerate this drug, sulfonamides suppress symptoms and progress of the
- disease, but do not eliminate the pathogen.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Ketoconazole is currently under investigation for the treatment of
- Paracoccidiodomycosis and other systemic fungal infections.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Paracoccidiomycosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1843-4.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 143.
-
-